My Trip Essays - Pemberley, Pride And Prejudice, Romance Novels

My Trip The role of the visit to Pemberley by Elizabeth and the Gardiners would most closely resemble a modern visit to a museum or a tourist attraction. I remember visiting Newport, RI some time ago and visiting the Vanderbilts Mansion and the Asters Mansion on the island and touring the grounds of the estate the same way that Elizabeth and the Gardiners visited Darcys home. We viewed the rooms filled with crystal and walls made out of Marble that had been imported from Europe in awe. These excursions reminded me of millions of dollars in this world, yet at the same time, in the great scheme of life, the number of really wealthy people is small. Likewise, when we (and Elizabeth) are introduced to Pemberley, we see money like we have not seem with any of the other characters in this book. Darcys worth super exceeded any of my expectations of how rich was he really. Darcy has the power, as he later shows with the Lydia situation; he has the freedom (he goes anywhere he wants and stays there months at a time) and the social class that money as bestowed on him. The one contradiction I found has to do with the way people in Longbourn viewed Darcy once they all agreed that he was not liked. Money did not buy him their good favor like Lady Catherine and Mr. Collins. Perhaps Darcy was too modest to show his full monetary worth but the town knew that Darcy was indeed wealthy. English Essays

Free Essays on A McDonald’s Ethnography

McDonald’s, home of the â€Å"Golden Arches†. At first glance, it’s just another one of the many fast food restaurants that clutter our highways. But, a closer look at the legendary fast food chain will yield so much more than a typical eatery. There aren’t too many places that you can feed a family of four for fewer than fifteen bucks. Granted, the food is a bit unhealthy, cheeseburgers, french-fries, onion rings, triple thick milkshakes (this is just a small part of the menu) will kill the recommended 2000 calories a day. But, for food cooked under 10 minutes, what else is to be expected? Still, as much as American’s strived to eat healthy, McDonald’s still boasts â€Å"Over 1 Billion Served†. The colorful booths, play areas, and plants all screams scream dine-in! However, the freezing cold-air in the summer time and the less than comfortable temperature in the winter, all say otherwise. Which, in fact is much like how people in American culture behave. Our warm smiles and â€Å"Howya doin’s?† all seem inviting. However, if you ever tried to actually tell someone how you were really doing (other than â€Å"fine†), you quickly learn that this is merely a faà §ade. This is m imicked in the decoration at McDonald’s. It looks pleasing to the eye, but that’s were it ends. â€Å"We love to see you smile,† the catchy jingle from the commercial announces. But, if you’ve ever been at McDonald’s around lunchtime, you’ll notice that there is not much smiling going around. Maybe because the teenagers working would rather be at the mall shopping, than asking â€Å"Would you like to super size that?† Only in America will you find people who go to work and behave basically how they want and not worry too much about getting fired. In other countries, where unemployment is extremely high, and it is almost impossible to get any help from the government, you may have some smiling cashiers, but not in America. As for the gender make up of... Free Essays on A McDonald’s Ethnography Free Essays on A McDonald’s Ethnography McDonald’s, home of the â€Å"Golden Arches†. At first glance, it’s just another one of the many fast food restaurants that clutter our highways. But, a closer look at the legendary fast food chain will yield so much more than a typical eatery. There aren’t too many places that you can feed a family of four for fewer than fifteen bucks. Granted, the food is a bit unhealthy, cheeseburgers, french-fries, onion rings, triple thick milkshakes (this is just a small part of the menu) will kill the recommended 2000 calories a day. But, for food cooked under 10 minutes, what else is to be expected? Still, as much as American’s strived to eat healthy, McDonald’s still boasts â€Å"Over 1 Billion Served†. The colorful booths, play areas, and plants all screams scream dine-in! However, the freezing cold-air in the summer time and the less than comfortable temperature in the winter, all say otherwise. Which, in fact is much like how people in American culture behave. Our warm smiles and â€Å"Howya doin’s?† all seem inviting. However, if you ever tried to actually tell someone how you were really doing (other than â€Å"fine†), you quickly learn that this is merely a faà §ade. This is m imicked in the decoration at McDonald’s. It looks pleasing to the eye, but that’s were it ends. â€Å"We love to see you smile,† the catchy jingle from the commercial announces. But, if you’ve ever been at McDonald’s around lunchtime, you’ll notice that there is not much smiling going around. Maybe because the teenagers working would rather be at the mall shopping, than asking â€Å"Would you like to super size that?† Only in America will you find people who go to work and behave basically how they want and not worry too much about getting fired. In other countries, where unemployment is extremely high, and it is almost impossible to get any help from the government, you may have some smiling cashiers, but not in America. As for the gender make up of...

Critique a research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critique a research - Assignment Example This essay critics the procedures and the methods of the research to identify if the research is credible and any weaknesses that could affect its conclusions. The problem statement of the research centered on the shortage of nursing based intervention measures to help the Post-Stroke patients to regain strength as soon as they recover. The research addresses a very important aspect of nursing that is gaining relevance today. In the recent past, there has been an increase in the number cases of stroke, demanding more serious intervention measures. Therefore the research by Kim (2012) was crucial and relevant for a growing problem in the nursing practice. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of the enjoyable games as intervention measures for post-stroke patients. The purpose of this study is of great significance to the nursing profession. For long it has been the wish of the nursing professionals to provide efficient intervention measures to replace the medical based treatment procedures that have proved inefficient (Byun, 2012). Therefore, the research is meant to improve the provision of treatment and care for post-stroke patients. Since this has been a major problem in the past, such a research by Kim (2009) is a major contribution to the nursing care. The researcher did not formulate any research questions for the purpose of this research. However, the research seems to be based on the question of whether there enjoyable intervention measures can be used to improve the physical fitness of the post stroke patients. From the purpose of the research, it is clear that the research is meant to investigate whether nursing based intervention measures are efficient in improving the strength of these patients (Byun, 2012). Although, the researcher does not state the research questions, he remains clear on the direction of the research, which makes it possible for one to identify the issues he intends to address with his

Ford Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ford Corporation - Essay Example On the other hand, strategic management deals with identification and description of the strategies that mangers carry out to attain better performance and a competitive advantage for their corporation. A corporation is recognized to have a competitive advantage if its profitability is larger than average profitability for all corporations in its industry. That being said, this paper focuses on Ford Motor Corporation in terms of business policy and strategic management since the year 2006. Throughout the account of Ford Motor Corporation, inclusion has been the key part of the corporation’s success as exceptional products. Ford is a leader inclusion and diversity, and both remain chief Ford business strategies. Ford is recognized to sustain diversity at all ranks of the company, from the boardroom to design studio level, form plant levels to the engineering bodies. The corporation diversity makes Ford be a better corporation, a stronger organization, by bringing in new ideas, perspectives, life responsibilities, and experiences, and also by fostering a genuine collaborative workplace. Ford Motor Corporation sells and offers purchase financing all around the world. Ford had generally made a determination to exploit on potential economies of scale attainable from its size, until in the early 2008 when CEO Alan Mullay revealed One Ford turnaround strategy. The strategy involved the Global Product Development system; a process of sharing designs and improvement worldwide and between markets, with the objective of creating global process more effective. Advancing world has grown wealthier, and higher energy prices have globally gone up for better fuel economy (Crumm, & Thomas 231). Ford strategy anticipated developing less automobile models that can be sold worldwide with few changes: coined world cars. Ford’s plan was to develop more world cars with the aim of making a similar vehicle proving in all of its market across the globe. Despite declining go vernment bailout, Ford came out stronger, and as lean as its bankrupt competitors. Ford’s chief advantage was that the corporation was able to take the benefit of the lenient economic and political climate meant for bankrupt US automakers such as GM and Chrysler (Brown, & Williams 119). Ford took this benefit while it was functioning under neither condition (government influence and bankrupt). As an outcome, the corporation was able to divest non-core brands, slash capacity, reserve treasured tax assets, renegotiate healthcare, and cut debt. All this items were simpler to do with US government and United Auto Workers more compliant to reserve the company rather than dealing with another bankrupt auto builder (Hiraide, & Chakraborty 53). Coming out of the TARP era, Ford Motor Company distorted itself into an intense and highly levered bet on the retrieval of US light vehicles. Ford Motor Company anticipated that the US automobiles will not be the gas-guzzling vehicles that wer e manufactured by auto builders such as Hummer for GM. Ford placed itself to take on impending government of up surging MPG and market desire for smaller cars (â€Å"2002 Ford Thunderbird world debut†). However, other international brands, particularly Honda and Toyota Company had a head start as they did not agonies the structural disaster that the other Big Three Auto companies experienced in the past

Abuse of Separate Entity lifting the corporate veil Essay

Abuse of Separate Entity lifting the corporate veil - Essay Example the liabilities contracted on behalf of the company. Under normal circumstances the creditors of the company can have recourse for their dues against the assets of the company and they cannot attach the liability to the personal assets of the shareholders. Under certain circumstances it may become necessary for the company to fix up the responsibility on individuals in respect of some liabilities contracted by them on behalf of the company. The exact circumstances under which the courts will 'pierce the corporate veil' as it is technically known, depends on the state laws. However in general under the following circumstances the courts will look beyond the corporate veil phenomenon and provide a remedy to the creditors. Where the circumstances are such that the shareholder has lost the privilege of limited liability and has become liable personally to the creditors. This situation may arise when the company continued to carry on the business for a period of six months after the number of its members was reduced below the minimum as prescribed by law with the knowledge of the shareholder Under the common law courts would allow the lifting of the corporate veil only in cases where the company is a 'mere facade concealing the true facts', or, in the parlance of earlier cases, a mere 'sham', Gower,LCB (1992) However the circumstances under which the courts will find such a 'faade' or 'sham' are considered to be very rare. In the case of Woolfson v StratchclydeRegional Council, 1978 SLT 159 at 161:the House of Lords observed that the corporate veil can be pierced only where special circumstances exist to indicate that the company is a mere faade concealing true facts. "The recent decision of the Court of Appeal in China Ocean Shipping Co v Mitrans Shipping Co Ltd, (1995) 3 HKC 123appears to have narrowed the already limited circumstances in which a court will lift the corporate veil." Following the ruling of this case if a person uses the corporate veil to protect him from legal obligation prior to the arising of the legal obligation then the corporate veil will not be pierced. On the contrary if the person uses the corporate veil to protect him after the legal obligation is established then the corporat

The Relationship Between Extroversion And Physiological Measures Psychology Essay

The Relationship Between Extroversion And Physiological Measures Psychology Essay There has been a substantial research into the relationship between how extroverted an individual is and their physiological measures (Eysenck, 1967, cited in Martin, Carlson, Buskist, 2007). Many studies have been carried out across the world to investigate this relationship and how environment and genetics can contribute to extroversion within individuals. The present study looked at the relationship between extraversion and physiological measures in Psychology undergraduate students in the UK. No significant correlation was found between extroversion and heart rate or extroversion and galvanic skin response. The relationship between extroversion and physiological measures in university students There has been much research into the relationship between arousal in response to a number of different tasks in both introverts and extroverts. Eysenck (1967) (cited in Martin, Carlson, Buskist, 2007) suggested extroversion is a reflection of the state we do not show within our central nervous system (CNS). He stated that happiness and sociability were two of the main traits associated with extroversion. In a study investigating happiness and extroversion in undergraduate students, it was found that the two were significantly correlated. These differences support the idea that introverts are different to extroverts in that extroverts seek out more stimulating environments. The present study set out to investigate further into this idea by looking at the relationship between extroversion and physiological measures in Psychology students at a university in the UK. Studies into the origins of extroversion within an individual have been widely conducted to understand why a person may be so extroverted or introverted; heritability seems to play a large contributing factor. In a study comparing monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins, monozygotic twins were shown to give the most alike results with 70% of the twins tested, being similarly extrovert (Zuckerman, 1991, cited in Martin, Carlson, Buskist, 2007). This study does not support the idea that extroverts are affected by their environment unlike most research into extroversion, it simply states that genetics are the cause. Similar studies to this report have supported previous research like into whether biological factors differ within introverts and extroverts. A study into physiological measures and extroversion was carried out in Singapore where the results showed lower extroversion scores were correlated with heightened cardiovascular reactivity while higher extroversion scores were correlated with lower cardiovascular reactivity. The study also found that higher extroversion was linked to lower cardiovascular reactivity during stress tasks and seemed to affect how individuals express and cope with anger (Jonassaint et al., 2009). This study helps to support the notion that Eysenck proposed which says that introverts are more likely to feel uncomfortable in a stimulating situation, in this case cardiovascular activity, whereas extroverts are more likely to enjoy and seek out such environments. Heart rate and skin responses have also been significantly associated with male students performing a visu al vigilance task who were measured on the Eysenck personality inventory as introverts (Gange, Geen, Harkins, 1979). Research has also found differences in the brain between extroverts and introverts. In a study looking into whether there is a correlation between extroversion and blood flow when smelling unpleasant and pleasant odours, the part of the brain known as the amygdala in the temporal lobe, was strongly correlated with cerebral blood flow and higher extroversion scores when exposed to the pleasant odour (Vaidya et al., 2007). This piece of research supports the idea that extroverts are genetically different to introverts as they enjoyed the experience of the pleasant odour more than introverts did and their brain activation within the temporal lobe further supported this idea. Other studies have further supported how the environment, not genetics, may affect both introverts and extroverts and how they react differently. In a study investigating the effect of background music and noise on completing tasks in introverts and extroverts, it was found that introverts performed better overall on each task except one, and introverts appeared to be more affected by the presence of everyday music and noise than extroverts. (Cassidy MacDonald, 2007). Introverts are also more likely to respond more quickly to louder noise bursts than extroverts who tend to respond equally rapidly to varying noise intensities (Britt Blumenthal, 1991). These studies supports Eysenckà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s theory, which says that people whose brains are over-aroused, will find stimulating situations uncomfortable, and they will seek out quieter environments. Although this idea seems to be strongly supported, a study which researched Eysencks (1953) hypothesis of a relationship between extraversion and sympathetic nervous system activity used 42 undergraduate students and the outcome was not quite the same. These students were exposed to fear arousing conditions and their heart rate and galvanic skin response (GVR) were measured during this time (Small, 1976). Although you would expect a relationship, no significant correlation was found. This piece of research disconfirms Eysenckà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s hypothesis and this may be due to individual differences. In other words, maybe some extroverts are not under aroused and are actually over aroused, or maybe Eysenckà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s personality questionnaire is not as accurate in its outcomes as we may think when measuring personality. Although studies have been conducted in this area of research, the piece of research in this report was carried out to further provide support for this area of study. The relationship between extraversion and physiological measures was tested on Psychology undergraduate students at a university in the UK. It used a questionnaire designed to measure extroversion within an individual and a short maths test which was provided to cause the participants CNS to go into a state of high arousal. Based on previous findings, the hypotheses were that there would be a strong negative correlation between extroversion and heart rate and a strong negative correlation between extroversion and galvanic skin response. Method Participants Participants were 167 psychology students aged 18-65 studying at the University of Chester in Cheshire. The measures were taken from the sex ratio 1:4 males: females and the study used a stratified sampling method. Participants were treated in accordance with BPS guidelines and informed consent was obtained from each participant before taking part. Materials and apparatus The materials used included record sheets to write down the results for each participant, the maths task comprising of ten questions, rising in difficulty, using +,-,x and / operators, the Biopac (Biopac MP30 unit) with elecrodes (SS2L and SS3L leads to measure heart rate and GSR), the EPQ consisting of 23 questions which was filled out before the physiological measures were measured and a stopwatch to time each participant for 3 minutes completing the maths task. Procedure After initially consenting to take part in the research, students were given a 23 item questionnaire to complete, designed to measure how extroverted they are as people. Once completed, students were attached to BIOPAC consisting of electrodes being attached to the wrist, fingers and ankles which measured galvanic skin response and heart rate and given a maths task to complete, designed to get harder as you progressed in a small laboratory room for three minutes. They were timed using a stopwatch by another participant who had already taken part outside of the laboratory room. Once timed, results were taken from a ninety second interval of the three minutes and the mean was calculated using the BIOPAC software. The means were written down, both for heart rate and GSR. Design and analysis This was a repeated measures study. Participants took part in both the easy and difficult task. Heart rate and galvanic skin response were measured whilst the difficult task was being completed. Results Average heart rate scores from 137 participants were correlated with their EPQ scores using a Pearson correlation. This was conducted using SPSS v.20. The scatterplot is shown in Figure 1 below: The Pearson test showed no correlation between average heart rate scores and EPQ scores and the result was found to not be statistically significant. (r(137)=-0.049, p=0.567). Total EPQ scores from the 137 participants were also correlated with average GSR scores using a Pearson correlation. The scatterplot is shown in Figure 2 below: The Pearson test showed no correlation between average GSR scores and EPQ scores and the result was found to not be statistically significant. (r(137)=0.020, p=0.820). Discussion The results showed no significant correlation between extroversion and heart rate and so the null hypothesis could not be rejected. The correlation between extroversion and galvanic skin response was also not significantly correlated and so the null hypothesis was accepted. This study does not lend support to the findings of previous studies in this area of research into extroversion and physiological measures. A study Singapore mentioned in the introduction of this report found that extroverts were linked to lower cardiovascular reactivity during stress tasks and this seemed to affect how these particular individuals expressed and coped with anger (Jonassaint et al., 2009). Contrasting even further with the findings of this study, heart rate and skin responses have also been strongly correlated with students performing a visual endurance task who were scored on the EPI as introverts (Gange, Geen, Harkins, 1979). However some studies have also provided no support for the hypothesis of physiological measures being linked to extroversion. Small (1976), studied students exposed to fear arousing conditions whilst their heart rate and GVR was measured. He found no significant correlation, supporting the notion that extroversion does not correlate with physiological measures within different individuals. In addition to biological factors not always differing between introverts and extroverts, the environment playing an important role has also been criticised. In a study investigating the effect of familiar everyday or verbal noises on the cognitive performance of introverts and extraverts, no significant correlation was found (Avila, Furnham, McClelland, 2012). This piece of research provides evidence of there being no clear correlation between extroverts and introverts differing physiologically. Although the results did not provide significant hypotheses to support the notion that extroversion and physiological measures correlate, care must be taken with research that does support this idea. The direction of causality may be difficult to establish within this area of research. Physiological measures may not be caused by extroversion but other underlying factors. In a study by Cassidy MacDonald, 2007, introverts appeared to be more affected by the presence of everyday music and noise when completing written tasks than extroverts. However studies similar to this trigger issues as the outcome of results may not have been due to extroversion, but other personality traits of the participants. For example it may simply be that an individual may struggle to complete tasks or write when there is noise or music in the background. In this study extroversion was measured beforehand but there is a possibility that the results they obtained may have been due to demand characteristics wh ereby a participant may have wanted to look more sociable than they actually are. This would make them score highly on an extroversion scale but in reality they are much quieter and so should have been scored as an introvert. This would cause the piece of research to lack validity. In order to make this study more reliable, another study contained different participants should be carried out to ensure that similar results are obtained. Although the present study in this report contained a good sample size and had individuals from different age groups as its participants, it did not provide enough evidence to support the theory that extroversion causes an individual to enjoy stimulating environments, which in this case was the maths test. However, the findings in this report do lend support to the idea that extroversion and physiological measures are not strongly linked to one another (e.g. by Small, 1976). Overall, findings in this area of research lend support to the notion of encouraging children to become confident from a young age. For example, the more extroverted a person is, the more likely they are to be sociable and talk to others before a job interview and the more desirable they seem to be during such an interview (Caldwell Burger, 1998). In conclusion the present study found no significant correlation between extroversion and physiological measures in university students aged 18-65 in the UK and so cannot support Eysencks theory of extroversion. Future research into physiological measures and personality traits could be carried out to help support Eysencks theory; research into personality types as well as extroversion and individual traits could help to see which personality types cause certain physiological measures as well as particular traits more specifically. This could enable us to understand what truly causes a person to be an extrovert or an introvert, whether the answer lie in heritability and genetics, or the environment itself.

Caring for An Angina Patient Essay -- Nursing Essays

Nurses play a very important role in managing a patient from the moment of his admission up to making a discharge plan. Each part of the nursing process is vital to the wellbeing of the person he is taking care of. Clinical reasoning is always essential in each part of the nursing process from assessment, setting up goals and intervention. Effective nursing management is done when a nurse looks for the early and right cues at the right patient and implementing it at the right time. This essay will delve deeper into the case of Rob Geis, a patient who was suffering from angina, given his history and the signs and symptoms he experienced up to the time when his condition worsened to Myocardial Infarction. This essay will also look into how the nurse should provide effective nursing care to the patient with this condition. Etiology and Pathophysiology of Angina Angina is pain felt in the chest area as a result of lack of inadequate supply to the myocardium (Better Health Channel, 2013) Atherosclerosis or the hardening and narrowing of arteries caused by the build-up of plaques, the insufficient supply of oxygen and its increasing demand are some of the factors that can cause ischemia in the myocardium (Lewis et al., 2012). When there is a total blockage of the coronary arteries for a few minutes, the myocardium cannot receive oxygen and glucose for aerobic metabolism thus anaerobic metabolism occurs (Lewis et al., 2012). The lactic acid builds up and stimulates the nerve fibres in the myocardium resulting to chest pain (Lewis et al., 2012). The cells are repaired and the aerobic metabolism and the contractility of the arteries are restored when there is return of blood flow (Lewis et al., 2012) Subjective and Objectiv... ....). New South Wales: Elsevier Australia. MedlinePlus. (2010). Atenolol. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a684031.html Rull, G. (2011). Cardiogenic Shock. Retrieved April, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Cardiogenic-Shock.htm Smeltzer, S., Bare, B., Farrell, M., & Dempsey, J. (2011). Smeltzer & Bare's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (2nd Australian and New Zealand edition ed. Vol. 1): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pty Ltd. WebMD. (2012). Electrocardiogram. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogram Williams, B. R., Lewis, D. R., Burgio, K. L., & Goode, P. S. (2012). Next-of-Kin's Perceptions of How Hospital Nursing Staff Support Family Presence Before, During, and After the Death of a Loved One. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing, 14(8), 541-550. Caring for An Angina Patient Essay -- Nursing Essays Nurses play a very important role in managing a patient from the moment of his admission up to making a discharge plan. Each part of the nursing process is vital to the wellbeing of the person he is taking care of. Clinical reasoning is always essential in each part of the nursing process from assessment, setting up goals and intervention. Effective nursing management is done when a nurse looks for the early and right cues at the right patient and implementing it at the right time. This essay will delve deeper into the case of Rob Geis, a patient who was suffering from angina, given his history and the signs and symptoms he experienced up to the time when his condition worsened to Myocardial Infarction. This essay will also look into how the nurse should provide effective nursing care to the patient with this condition. Etiology and Pathophysiology of Angina Angina is pain felt in the chest area as a result of lack of inadequate supply to the myocardium (Better Health Channel, 2013) Atherosclerosis or the hardening and narrowing of arteries caused by the build-up of plaques, the insufficient supply of oxygen and its increasing demand are some of the factors that can cause ischemia in the myocardium (Lewis et al., 2012). When there is a total blockage of the coronary arteries for a few minutes, the myocardium cannot receive oxygen and glucose for aerobic metabolism thus anaerobic metabolism occurs (Lewis et al., 2012). The lactic acid builds up and stimulates the nerve fibres in the myocardium resulting to chest pain (Lewis et al., 2012). The cells are repaired and the aerobic metabolism and the contractility of the arteries are restored when there is return of blood flow (Lewis et al., 2012) Subjective and Objectiv... ....). New South Wales: Elsevier Australia. MedlinePlus. (2010). Atenolol. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a684031.html Rull, G. (2011). Cardiogenic Shock. Retrieved April, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Cardiogenic-Shock.htm Smeltzer, S., Bare, B., Farrell, M., & Dempsey, J. (2011). Smeltzer & Bare's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (2nd Australian and New Zealand edition ed. Vol. 1): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Pty Ltd. WebMD. (2012). Electrocardiogram. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/electrocardiogram Williams, B. R., Lewis, D. R., Burgio, K. L., & Goode, P. S. (2012). Next-of-Kin's Perceptions of How Hospital Nursing Staff Support Family Presence Before, During, and After the Death of a Loved One. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing, 14(8), 541-550.